In a country where the Buddhist majority was estimated at 70 to 90 percent,[66][67][68][69][70] Diem ruled with a strong religious bias. As a member of Vietnam`s Catholic minority, he pursued a pro-Catholic policy that turned many Buddhists against him. Religious conflicts arise when followers of one religion go to the extreme and impose their religious beliefs on other different religions. At the local level, a culture of mutual understanding and harmonious coexistence must be created, while peace, dialogue and trust are rebuilt [7]. Religious reconciliation must take an active form for it to succeed. An effective way to do this is to create spaces where Christians and Muslims can meet, exchange ideas and collaborate. In fact, religious reconciliation involves a “practical daily policy of inclusion and adaptation.” Informal “social resources for cooperation”, including informal associations and networks, are essential to ensure interreligious harmony [8]. Another way to conduct dialogue is to educate Christians and Muslim communities who are still living with the pain of religious conflicts [9]. In this way, community relations can be improved by building better understanding and awareness between religions to change and challenge hate narratives. Attempts to extend theoretical models of transpersonal psychology to conflict resolution in situations of religious conflict (as developed by the work of MMEMS) have also been successful. Historians of the psychological sciences have also allowed contemporary thinkers to draw on a wider range of theoretical approaches, rather than more restrictive paths of psychological thought in peace psychology, and the different currents of humanistic, analytical, cognitive, psychoanalytic, neuropsychological, behavioral, transpersonal, and integral psychology have begun, rather than different currents. to be recognized in the same river, instead of completely separate waterways.
Peace work is also underway to heal the trauma of victims of violence, whether in military or paramilitary fighting. The lifting of the psychological and even psychosexual motivations of “terrorism” with its strong evocation of the energy of Thanatos also represents an important work in progress that has not yet been completed. How can the paradox of pathological individuals that the world most needs to be cured and returned to normal nonviolent activities often be the least inclined to submit to any kind of therapy or healing process? The ongoing debate in professional psychology organizations seeks to resolve these and related dilemmas. Appendix 2: JR is a Transitional Age Adolescent (TAY) who represents a person with active psychotic symptoms, religious conflict and a family that does not support them. It is obvious that religion as an aspect of a people`s cultural heritage can serve as a cultural marker or ideological rationalization for a conflict that presents deeper ethnic and cultural differences. This has been argued specifically for the case of the Troubles in Northern Ireland, which is often portrayed as a religious conflict between a Catholic and a Catholic. a Protestant faction, while the most fundamental cause of the conflict was ethnic or nationalist rather than religious. [27] Given that the native Irish were mostly Catholic and that immigrants later sponsored by the British were predominantly Protestant, the terms become an abbreviation for both cultures, but it is inaccurate to describe the conflict as religious. [27] Income generation is also crucial to rebuilding communities and protecting young people vulnerable to radicalization by Boko Haram and Peuhl Islamic militias. According to Hassan John, young people who would be easy targets for such radicalization are now engaged in creative training to develop skills. During the coronavirus pandemic, they produced and sold hundreds of face masks to protect their community in Jos. Muslim and Christian members of the project have also launched joint business initiatives, including women who lost their husbands in the conflict and now sell cold drinks or handmade clothes.
These projects are successful because they involve Christians and Muslims who are actively engaged in mutually beneficial activities. In this way, trust can slowly be rebuilt. Education is another way to resolve religious conflicts and insecurity. HART supports two co-educational schools in Kano and Bauchi states. In 2019, bari school (Kano State) trained 250 children with 15 teachers, more than half of whom were girls. Ningi School (Bauchi State) welcomed more than 400 students in equal parts from Muslim and Christian villages. This form of interreligious education leads to broader social integration and allows Muslims and Christians to make friends, thus improving relations with the community. Secular research shows that the process of partisan religious change has generally followed the patterns predicted by the evolutionary model of the problem. It began among the party elites and activists and activists also provided the link between the change of issues at the elite level and the reaction of a relatively inattentive public. Over time, the general public has increasingly seen and taken charge of differences in party positions on cultural and moral issues. These changes in the mass perception of parties and the impact on them eventually led to a significant change in the religious and cultural composition of party coalitions. In Judaism, the term Milkhemet Mitzvah (Hebrew: מלחמת מצווווה, “commando war”) refers to an obligatory war for all Jews (men and women).
These wars were limited to areas within the borders of the Land of Israel. [Citation needed] Israel`s geographical boundaries and conflicts with surrounding nations are described in detail in the Tanakh, the Hebrew Bible, especially in Numbers 34:1-15 and Ezekiel 47:13-20. From the late eighteenth century to the twentieth century, the technique of nonviolent action was used in very different conflicts: colonial rebellions, international political and economic conflicts, religious conflicts and resistance to slavery. This technique aims to safeguard workers` right to organize, women`s rights, universal suffrage for men and women`s suffrage. This kind of struggle has been used to achieve national independence, make economic gains, resist genocide, undermine dictatorships, gain civil rights, end racial segregation, and resist foreign occupations and coups. In more advanced applications of nonviolent action, leaders planned activities taking into account the weaknesses of the opposing group and its dependence on the group with grievances. The Abyssinian-Adal War was a military conflict between the Abyssinians and the Sultanate of Adal from 1529 to 1559. Imam Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi (nicknamed Gurey in Somali and Gragn in Amharic (ግራኝ Graññ), both meaning “the left-hander”) was on the verge of annihilating the ancient abyssinian empire and forcibly converting all its surviving subjects to Islam. The intervention of the European Cristóvão da Gama, son of the famous navigator Vasco da Gama, tried to prevent this result, but he was killed by al-Ghazi.
However, both communities exhausted their resources and manpower in this conflict and allowed the Oromo to migrate north to their current homelands north and west of Addis Ababa. [58] Many historians attribute the origins of the hostility between Somalia and Ethiopia to this war. [59] Some historians also argue that this conflict, through its use on both sides, proved the value of firearms such as the matchlock musket, cannons, and bow compared to traditional weapons. [60] Although brief, JR`s assessment gives us insight into his experiences with psychosis and the suffering he is experiencing. The history of the appearance and evolution of its difficulties is useful in terms of diagnosis. JR is clearly experiencing significant psychosocial impairments and losses as a result of his mental illness. The assessment also highlights JR`s strengths and ensures that they are not overshadowed by its symptoms. The nature of JR`s psychotic symptoms and religious conflicts gives an idea of what is important to him, and some of them can shape the plan as it progresses. The assessment also helps us determine their period of change, which will be important to think about how we can successfully involve them in recovery-oriented services. In some of these cases, nonviolent action has served as a tool to empower people in conflict with oppressive and powerful governments.
In some cases, nonviolent struggle helped gain democratic control over leaders who did not want to be controlled. This technique therefore has a significant impact on democratic theory and practice. “Ethno-religious conflicts” refer to those that involve groups in which religion is an integral part of social and cultural life, and where religious institutions are representative, possess moral legitimacy and potential for mobilization. When conflicting groups are defined along ethno-religious lines, religious identity can lead to clear distinctions between parties and increase group mobilization. Other distinguishing features are the high number of civilian casualties (suicide bombings, ethnic cleansing) and measures that are “legitimized” by religious language, texts and images. These conflicts are often also internal; In communities with a long history of tension and under post-colonial deprivation or political or economic instability, religious leaders can attack incumbent governments. Ford (2001) writes about the opinions and perceptions of the United States by Arabs and others. .