Several provincial administrators of the Chinese Communist Party have been fired for their handling of quarantine measures. Some commentators have claimed that the move was aimed at protecting CPC General Secretary Xi Jinping. [438] U.S. intelligence agencies have claimed that China has deliberately underreported the number of its COVID-19 cases. [439] The GOC claimed that it acted promptly and transparently. [440] [441] Journalists and activists in China who covered the pandemic were arrested by authorities,[442][443] including Zhang Zhan, who was arrested and tortured. [444] [445] [446] Iran became a center of the pandemic in February 2020. [245] [246] More than ten countries had attributed their outbreaks to Iran as of February 28, indicating a more severe outbreak than the 388 reported cases. [246] [247] Iran`s parliament was closed after the election of 23 of its 290 members on March 3. March 2020 had tested positive. [248] As of March 17, 2020, at least twelve current or former Iranian politicians and government officials had died. [249] WHO (2020c). Report of the Who-China Joint Mission on Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) [online].
Available at: www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/who-china-joint-mission-on-covid-19-final-report.pdf (accessed December 20, 2020). During the year, many treatments were reused and/or approved for the treatment of COVID-19. Some drugs currently used are dexamethasone, favilavir and remdesivir. However, a curative drug that can work in all age groups, severity levels (mild, moderate and high) and patients with comorbidities is still an unmet need. Therefore, further efforts are needed to develop a robust and effective anti-SARS-CoV-2 drug to deal with the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. Towards the end of the summer of 2021, cases began to rise across Canada, particularly in the provinces of British Columbia, Alberta, Quebec and Ontario, particularly among the unvaccinated population. During this fourth wave of the virus, provinces such as British Columbia and Alberta reintroduced a return to pandemic-related restrictions, such as the requirement to wear a mask. [320] Since the increase in cases was largely a “pandemic of the unvaccinated”[321], vaccination passports were adopted in all provinces and two of the territories. [322] [323] The pandemic is known by several names. It can be called a “coronavirus pandemic”[10], although there are other human coronaviruses that have caused epidemics and epidemics (for example. B SARS). [11] N95 respirators fit tightly with your face and filter 95% or more of the smallest particles in the air.
They have to adapt you exactly to the job. Another class of vaccines are subunit vaccines that use viral proteins, most often in combination with an adjuvant to trigger an immune response in the host. For SARS-CoV-2, these vaccines rely primarily on preventing the binding of the virus spike protein (S) to the host`s ACE-2 receptor by triggering an immune response and producing neutralizing antibodies in the host. Some viral surface proteins that can easily be presented to the immune system as potential vaccine candidates are synthesized by the University of Queensland. Using the company`s nanoparticle technology, Novavax has also developed a stable vaccine candidate based on the pre-fusion protein, NVX-CoV2373 and Phase 3 trials in humans are expected to begin soon. In addition, Clover Biopharmaceuticals is using its trimer label technology to develop a subunit vaccine composed of the trimerized Stris-CoV-2 protein. French pharmaceutical company Sanofi has partnered with GlaxoSmithKline (GSK) Plc. To develop a SARS-CoV-2 vaccine in which Sanofi will provide the viral S protein antigen, while GSK will provide its proven pandemic adjuvant technology for collaboration. With about 10 vaccine candidates nearing the end of the final phase of testing, we could very soon have a robust and effective SARS-CoV-2 vaccine most anticipated, but safe administration of vaccines in different countries and, ultimately, in pharmacies and hospitals is another challenge. Some large companies have published the first data from the latest clinical trials of their vaccine candidates. The Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine (brand name: COMIRNATY), which has shown 95% efficacy in preventing symptoms of the disease, has received emergency clearance from the U.S. FDA for distribution of this vaccine in the United States (USFDA, 2020).
After BNT162, Modernas mRNA-1273 became the second COVID-19 vaccine to receive emergency approval in the United States (Ledford, 2020). Both RNA vaccines have shown more than 90% efficacy in preventing symptoms of the disease, however, the different composition of the lipid nanoparticle used to wrap RNA makes the storage and transport conditions different for both. While Pfizer vaccine should be stored at −70°C, Moderna vaccine can be stored at −20°C for 6 months and at 4°C for about 30 days (Ledford, 2020). However, Pfizer is seeking FDA approval to store its vaccine at -25 to -15°C, temperatures more common in pharmaceutical refrigerators and freezers. In addition, the Oxford vaccine has shown an efficiency of about 70% in the latest studies, but can be stored and distributed at 2-8 ° C, making it particularly suitable for distribution and storage of the global cold chain (Knoll and Wonodi, 2020). Another promising vaccine candidate, Sputnik V, the world`s first registered vaccine based on a human adenoviral vector system, has shown 91.4% efficacy in recent studies, and the freeze-dried form of this vaccine can easily be stored at 2-8°C. .